Northeast India is one of the most culturally diverse regions in Asia, home to over 200 indigenous tribes, each with its own language, customs, festivals, attire, belief systems, and traditional knowledge. These communities have preserved their identity for centuries, living in harmony with forests, rivers, and mountains.
This blog explores the major tribes of Northeast India, offering insights into their lifestyle, traditions, and regions. It is especially useful for travelers interested in tribal tourism, cultural tours, anthropology, and offbeat travel experiences.
Cultural Landscape of Northeast India
The Northeast comprises eight states—Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and Sikkim.
Each state has distinct tribal groups shaped by geography, climate, and history.
Major Tribes of Assam
Bodo Tribe
The Bodos are the largest plains tribe of Assam, mainly inhabiting western Assam. Traditionally agrarian, they celebrate Bwisagu, a spring festival marking the Assamese New Year. Bodo music, dance, and weaving reflect deep spiritual connections with nature.
Mishing Tribe
The Mishing tribe lives along the Brahmaputra riverbanks, known for their stilt houses and vibrant textiles. Their Ali-Aye-Ligang festival celebrates sowing season and agricultural harmony.
Karbi Tribe
Residing in Karbi Anglong hills, the Karbis practice shifting cultivation and celebrate Rongker, a festival to protect villages from natural calamities.
Apart from this Rava, Deori, Hajong, Sonowal Kachari, Dimasa and Adivasis are some prominent tribes that live in Assam.
Major Tribes of Meghalaya
Khasi Tribe
The Khasi tribe follows a matrilineal system, where lineage and inheritance pass through women. They are deeply connected to forest conservation, evident in sacred groves like Mawphlang. Khasi music, folklore, and architecture are integral to Meghalaya’s identity. Khasi tribe also has 7 sub tribes. One of them is the Pnar tribe. Behdienkhlam Festival, one of the best celebrated festival in Meghlaya is celebrated by Pnars tribes
Garo Tribe
The Garos inhabit western Meghalaya in the Garo Hill district and parts of Assam. Known for their warrior traditions, they celebrate Wangala Festival, honoring the harvest and sun god.
Jaintia Tribe
Closely related to the Khasi, the Jaintia tribe is known for its distinct language and rituals. Jaintia tribes mostly live in the Jaintia Hills district in the south of Meghalaya. Traditional governance systems still play an important role in community life.
Major Tribes of Nagaland
Ao Tribe
The Ao Nagas are known for their oral traditions and warrior folklore. Moatsu Festival marks agricultural prosperity and social unity.
Angami Tribe
Famous for terrace farming and wet rice cultivation, Angami villages like Khonoma symbolize sustainable tribal living.
Konyak Tribe
Often called the “last headhunters,” the Konyaks are recognized for facial tattoos, ceremonial guns, and wooden sculptures. Their culture attracts anthropologists and cultural travellers worldwide.
All tribes of Nagaland have different, distinct cultures, tradition and dress. The Hornbill Festival is the best time to see the traditions and cultures of all the tribes in one place.
Major Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh
Apatani Tribe
The Apatani tribe practices highly efficient wet rice cultivation without machines. Their sustainable lifestyle and village planning in Ziro Valley are globally admired.
Monpa Tribe
Influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, the Monpas inhabit Tawang and West Kameng regions. Their monasteries, festivals, and woodcraft reflect strong Himalayan culture.
Nyishi Tribe
The largest tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, the Nyishi are skilled hunters and forest dwellers, traditionally wearing cane helmets with hornbill beaks (now replaced with artificial ones for conservation).
Adi Tribe
Few other important tribes of Arunachal Pradesh are Nocte, Singpho, Sherdupan, Galo, Tagin and Naga. The Nyishi are the largest ethnic group in the region. All these tribes has many sub tribes having different culture and tradition.
Major Tribes of Manipur
Meitei Tribe
The Meiteis dominate the Imphal Valley and follow Vaishnavism blended with indigenous beliefs. Their classical dance Manipuri Ras Leela is internationally renowned.
Tangkhul Tribe
Living in the Ukhrul hills, the Tangkhuls are known for colorful shawls, terrace farming, and rich oral traditions.
Major Tribes of Mizoram
Mizo (Lushai) Tribe
The Mizo people are known for strong community bonds and Christian-influenced traditions. Chapchar Kut is the most important festival, celebrating bamboo clearing before cultivation.
Major Tribes of Tripura
Tripuri Tribe
The Tripuris are the indigenous inhabitants of Tripura and celebrate Garia Puja, a festival symbolizing prosperity and agricultural success.
FAQs – Tribes of Northeast India
Q1. How many tribes are there in Northeast India?
There are over 200 major and sub-tribes across the eight states.
Q2. Which state has the highest tribal diversity?
Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland have the highest tribal diversity.
Q3. Is it safe to visit tribal villages?
Yes, when visited responsibly with local guides and permissions.
Q4. Which festivals showcase tribal culture best?
Hornbill Festival (Nagaland), Wangala (Meghalaya), Bwisagu (Assam), and Chapchar Kut (Mizoram).
Q5. Are tribal tours suitable for foreign tourists?
Absolutely. Northeast India is gaining popularity among foreign travelers seeking cultural immersion.
Discover Tribal Northeast India with Purpose
Northeast India is not just a destination—it is a living cultural museum shaped by its indigenous tribes. Exploring these communities with respect opens a deeper understanding of India’s oldest civilizations.
